Communication is the backbone of all human activity, without which we would not be able to function the way we have been doing ever since the advent of the first known language. Effective communication lets us express ourselves, showcase our skills and talents, feel, emote, and evolve. English is arguably one of the most potent and widely spoken worldwide. TESOL, or Teaching English as a Second or Other Language, and ESL, or English as a Second Language, are two areas of study that have become increasingly popular in the United States. A Master’s in TESOL online or a Master’s in ESL online prepares students to know and teach English to others whose native tongue is a language other than English. These degrees help them develop a scholarly and professional understanding of language, learning, research methodology, and teaching methodology, among others, and build a career advocating and teaching English internationally.
The best online ESL Master’s programs or MA TESOL programs should be well structured to cover all the critical aspects of learning and teaching English. Additionally, they should be taught by well-trained and experienced faculty members who have a command of the language. Other elements, such as institutional reputation, accreditation or licensure, infrastructure, research facilities, and cost, should also be factored in. Based on all of these, here is the rankings table of some of the best TESOL and ESL programs:
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College Name & Address | Tuition | Graduation Rate |
---|---|---|
#1 Florida State University 222 S. Copeland Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 | $9,684 | 83% |
#2 University of Missouri 105 Jesse Hall, Columbia, Missouri 65211 | $9,478 | 71% |
#3 Clarkson University 8 Clarkson Ave, Potsdam, New York 13699 | $33,312 | 78% |
#4 University of Southern California University Park, Los Angeles, California 90089 | $47,880 | 92% |
#5 University of Kansas Strong Hall, 1450 Jayhawk Blvd, Room 230, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 | $9,989 | 67% |
#6 Azusa Pacific University 901 E Alosta, Azusa, California 91702 | $16,571 | 68% |
#7 Arizona State University University Drive and Mill Avenue, Tempe, Arizona 85287 | $11,720 | 63% |
#8 University of North Dakota 264 Centennial Drive, Stop 8193, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202-8193 | $11,060 | 61% |
#9 St. John’s University 8000 Utopia Pky, Queens, New York 11439 | $29,816 | 63% |
#10 University of Alabama, Huntsville 301 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, Alabama 35899 | $10,632 | 58% |
#11 Webster University 470 E Lockwood Ave., Saint Louis, Missouri 63119 | $13,500 | 58% |
#12 Sam Houston State University 1806 Ave J, Huntsville, Texas 7734 | $5,765 | 54% |
#13 University of Missouri, Saint Louis One University Boulevard, Saint Louis, Missouri 63121 | $12,283 | 52% |
#14 California University of Pennsylvania 250 University Ave, California, Pennsylvania 1541 | $9,288 | 50% |
#15 St. Cloud State University 720 Fourth Ave. South, Saint Cloud, Minnesota 56301 | $7,607 | 48% |
#16 Kennesaw State University 1000 Chastain Rd, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144 | $5,328 | 46% |
#17 Liberty University 1971 University Blvd, Lynchburg, Virginia 24515 | $7,935 | 47% |
#18 Texas A&M University, Commerce 2600 South Neal Street, Commerce, Texas 75428 | $3,630 | 43% |
#19 Southeastern University 1000 Longfellow Blvd, Lakeland, Florida 33801 | $13,365 | 45% |
#20 Mercy College 555 Broadway, Dobbs Ferry, New York 10522 | $16,686 | 44% |
#21 The University of Texas Permian Basin 4901 E University, Odessa, Texas 79762 | $2,384 | 40% |
#22 Grand Canyon University 3300 W Camelback Rd, Phoenix, Arizona 85017 | $10,528 | 41% |
#23 Arkansas Tech University Administration Bldg 200, 1509 N Boulder Ave, Russellville, Arkansas 72801 | $5,256 | 38% |
#24 Campbellsville University 1 University Dr, Campbellsville, Kentucky 42718 | $8,473 | 36% |
#25 Western Governor’s University 4001 South 700 East Suite 700, Salt Lake City, Utah 84107 | $7,500 | 21% |
Source – Integrated Post Secondary Education Data System & University Data
*Tuition rates are for in-state and per year. Program specific rates may apply.
**NA – data not available
TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) and ESL (English as a Second Language) graduate programs are academic programs designed to prepare educators to teach English language learners (ELLs) in various contexts, such as K-12 schools, adult education programs, language institutes, and international settings. These programs typically focus on equipping teachers with the knowledge, skills, and strategies needed to support students learning English as an additional language effectively.
Graduate programs in TESOL and ESL cover various language acquisition, linguistics, pedagogy, and cultural competency topics. Coursework may include subjects such as second language acquisition theory, methods for teaching English language skills (reading, writing, speaking, listening), assessment and evaluation of ELLs, cross-cultural communication, bilingual education, and language policy and advocacy.
Students in TESOL and ESL graduate programs often have the opportunity to gain practical teaching experience through practicum or teaching placements in diverse educational settings with English language learners. Additionally, many programs offer opportunities for specialization or concentration in areas such as teaching English to young learners, teaching English for academic purposes (EAP), or teaching English in specific contexts (e.g., business English, English for specific purposes).
Upon completion of a TESOL or ESL graduate program, educators are prepared to work as ESL teachers, TESOL instructors, language program coordinators, curriculum developers, teacher trainers, or administrators in various educational settings, both domestically and internationally. These programs provide a solid foundation for professionals seeking to positively impact the lives of English language learners and contribute to the field of language education.
Many students considering a career as an English Language Teacher (ELT) ask, “Are TESOL and ESL the same?” To add to the confusion, several other acronyms are used in teaching English. While they are pretty much the same, there is very little difference between ESOL, TESOL TEFL, and ESL. Here is a quick rundown of all of them:
Acronym / Abbreviation | Description |
---|---|
ESL | English as a Second Languageis learning English in a country where English is mainly spoken or where English is the official language.For Example: Immigrants in the U.S. who speak, say, Spanish but use English as a Second Language. |
EFL | English as a Foreign Languageis learning English in a non-English-speaking country.For Example: Chinese who speak Mandarin but learn English as a Foreign Language. |
ESOL | English as a Second or Other Languageapplies to both ESL and EFL contexts but where English may be the 3rd or 4th language. |
TEFL | Teaching English as a Foreign Languageis the same as EFL but applies to those who engage in teaching. |
TESOL | Teaching English as a Second or Other Languageis the same as ESOL but applies to those who engage in teaching. |
The Master’s in TESOL is primarily designed to cater to the varying needs of English Language Learners (ELLs), specifically to ones for whom English is the third or fourth language. Under this program, students will learn pedagogical theory and best practices that can be applied in a classroom environment. Master’s in ESL graduates will also gain an understanding of the fundamentals of English language instruction but from the context of English as a Second Language, as well as English as a Foreign Language. Apart from a practicum or field experience that one will gain, various topics, such as Linguistic Analysis, Bilingual Education, Historical and Current Theories of Second Language, and Cultural Influence in Second Language Teaching, are generally covered.
Almost all Master’s in TESOL programs touch upon various topics that relate to teaching English as a second, other, or foreign language. However, curriculum varies significantly by accreditation and program, so students should choose what courses they want to take to serve their personal development and professional goals.
The curriculum for a Master’s in TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) or ESL (English as a Second Language) program typically covers a broad range of topics related to language teaching, linguistics, pedagogy, and cultural competence. Some colleges may insist on a practicum experience, internship, or thesis submission. While specific course offerings may vary by institution, program structure, and specialization areas, below is a general overview of the curriculum commonly found in Master’s in TESOL and ESL programs:
Foundations of TESOL/ESL Education
This course introduces the theoretical and historical foundations of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) or English as a Second Language (ESL) education. Topics covered include critical theories of second language acquisition, historical developments in language teaching methodologies, and sociopolitical issues impacting language education. Students examine the role of culture, identity, and context in language learning and ethical considerations in TESOL/ESL practice.
Language and Linguistics
In this course, one explores fundamental concepts of language and linguistics as they relate to TESOL/ESL education. Topics include phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics of English and contrastive analysis of English and other languages commonly spoken by English learners. One also examines sociolinguistic factors influencing language variation and usage, pragmatics in communication, and the implications of linguistic diversity for language teaching.
Pedagogical Methods and Approaches
This course focuses on effective pedagogical methods and approaches for teaching English language skills to diverse learners. Students explore communicative language teaching (CLT), task-based language teaching (TBLT), content-based instruction (CBI), and other innovative approaches to language instruction. Emphasis is placed on integrating language skills (reading, writing, speaking, listening) in meaningful contexts, adapting instruction for various proficiency levels, and incorporating authentic materials and tasks into lesson planning.
Assessment and Evaluation
This course examines principles and practices of language assessment and evaluation in TESOL/ESL contexts. Students learn about formative and summative assessment strategies, performance-based assessment methods, and standardized language proficiency tests commonly used in language education. Topics include test design and development, validity and reliability of assessment instruments, accommodations for diverse learners, and ethical considerations in assessment practices.
Multicultural and Cross-Cultural Competence
This course explores multiculturalism and cross-cultural competence issues in TESOL/ESL education. Students examine the role of culture in language learning and teaching, cultural dimensions of communication, and the impact of cultural diversity on educational experiences. Emphasis is placed on developing cultural sensitivity, promoting inclusive practices, and fostering intercultural communication skills in the language classroom.
Some other additional courses that one can find across curricula include:
Students of Master’s in TESOL and ESL programs would have acquired a host of skills at the end of their programs, some of which include their ability to:
A TESOL degree generally caters to educators who have a deep desire to teach English to others while advancing their knowledge and use of the language. Although TESOL and ESL Master’s programs are looked at similarly, they target specific audiences and have independent degrees.
A Master of Arts or MA TESOL degree stems from the Department of Arts and Humanities. This (generally) two-year program focuses on subject-specific information and practical skills concerning English in particular. An MA TESOL (sometimes called MAT) gives one an opportunity and licensure to teach.
A Master of Education or M.Ed. TESOL degree aims to understand and critically evaluate education practice, specifically in teaching English Language Learners (ELLs). M.Ed. programs are generally suited for those who have earned an accredited Bachelor’s degree in Education (B.Ed.) and are already in the teaching profession.
Like an MA, TESOL is a Master of Arts or MA ESL, with the primary difference being that this degree caters to teaching those for whom English is generally a Second Language.
Like an M.Ed. TESOL, the Mater of Education or M.Ed. ESL is designed for individuals who are already experienced teachers and who want to learn new techniques and revised methodology in teaching English as a Second Language.
There are many concentrations and areas of specialization in a Master’s in TESOL. For students who wish to build a career in a subfield of ESL, opting to specialize in it should be a natural choice. Concentrations can also tailor a degree to specific areas such as Multilingual Education, Program Management, and Educational Technology. Some examples of specializations include Literary Translation, Translation for Professions, Conference and Community Interpreting, and more. Here are a few others to consider from a list of many:
Specialization | Description | Careers |
---|---|---|
Teaching English for Academic Purposes (EAP) | Through this concentration, one specializes in preparing English language learners for academic settings, focusing on language skills needed for success in higher education. | EAP instructor, academic English program coordinator, and more. |
Teaching English to Young Learners | This concentration focuses on teaching methodologies and strategies for children and adolescents in English, addressing young learners’ unique needs and developmental stages. | ESL teacher in elementary or secondary schools, early childhood language instructor, and more. |
Intercultural Communication | This concentration explores theories and practices related to communication across cultures, emphasizing the development of intercultural competence and practical cross-cultural communication skills. | Intercultural communication consultant, language trainer for international businesses, and more. |
Technology-Enhanced Language Learning | Through this concentration, one integrates technology into language teaching and learning, exploring innovative tools and methods to enhance language acquisition and instruction through digital resources and platforms. | Technology-enhanced language learning specialist, instructional designer for online language courses, and more. |
Bilingual and Multilingual Education | This concentration focuses on strategies for teaching English language learners in bilingual or multilingual settings, including content-based instruction and language policy development. | Bilingual education teacher, language program coordinator, and more. |
Language Assessment and Testing | This concentration specializes in developing, administering, and evaluating language assessments and tests, including proficiency exams and standardized assessments for English language learners. | Language assessment specialist, test developer for language testing agencies, and more. |
Generally speaking, to complete a Master’s in TESOL online, one would require anywhere between one and two years, with the standard duration being two years. Of course, students who enroll in part-time programs would take longer.
Most Master’s in TESOL online programs require 30 to 36 credits but can vary depending on whether one has opted for a thesis or a non-thesis program. Thesis-based programs tend to take longer to complete than their non-thesis counterparts.
Some colleges also offer accelerated programs, which can help one earn their degree in about a year. However, most of these programs will require the candidate to have a Bachelor’s degree in Education and to have completed specific prerequisite courses.
Although most traditional MA degrees require two years to complete, an MA TESOL online 1-year program is possible. Many online MA TESOL programs are designed to be completed in a year, which is a great option to fast-track one’s studies and seek employment earlier. Those considering such programs should check the list of admission requirements because, more often than not, they will be required to have completed specific prerequisite courses to be eligible to apply. Some universities where one can find 1-year programs are:
Master’s in TESOL online requirements are pretty up to standard expectations. In almost all cases, candidates should have earned a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree from a regionally accredited institution and meet all other admission requirements, such as:
Note: In most cases, enrollment to Master’s in TESOL and ESL programs does not require standardized GRE or GMAT test scores to be submitted unless specified. However, one could read the College Prospectus and Program Guide for exact admission requirements, eligibility criteria, and other details.
Without exception, accredited online ESL programs are the only ones that will lead to lucrative jobs. This is because working in an education environment will require certification and licensure, and accreditation forms the basis for this. Therefore, candidates considering a Master’s in TESOL and ESL Online should always ensure that the program they are looking at is accredited regionally, nationally, or programmatically. The Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP)[3] and the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE)[4] are a few of the organizations that accredit these programs.
Some of the master’s in TESOL and ESL programs get accredited by regional organizations like
Read the guide to college accreditation to understand more about accreditation and its importance.
Many Master’s programs in TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) and ESL (English as a Second Language) do not require the GRE (Graduate Record Examination) for admission. These programs recognize that standardized test scores may only partially reflect an applicant’s potential for success in graduate studies or their suitability for a career in language education. Instead, admissions criteria typically focus on factors such as academic background, letters of recommendation, statement of purpose, and relevant professional experience. Some institutions providing a no gre master’s in TESOL and ESL programs include:
Free online courses eliminate barriers to education by providing access to high-quality learning resources for individuals worldwide. These courses are useful for gaining insights and in exam preparation. Some examples are:
Course | Teaching English: How to Plan a Great Lesson [13] |
Provided by | Class Central |
Description | In this course, participants delve into the intricacies of designing and executing practical English language lessons. Through comprehensive instruction, learners grasp the significance of meticulous lesson planning in facilitating meaningful learning experiences for English language learners (ELLs). They gain proficiency in identifying clear learning objectives, selecting appropriate materials and resources, and orchestrating activities logically to attain desired educational outcomes. |
Course | TESOL Strategies: Supporting ESL Students in Mainstream Classrooms [14] |
Provided by | Future Learn |
Description | This course, participants explore strategies and techniques to effectively assist English as a Second Language (ESL) students in mainstream classrooms. The course’s key components include understanding ESL learners’ unique needs, implementing tailored differentiation techniques, fostering language development across various skill areas, cultivating inclusive classroom environments, and promoting collaboration with relevant stakeholders. |
Course | Online ESL [15] |
Provided by | City College of San Francisco |
Description | This course is designed to equip those with the necessary skills and knowledge to improve their proficiency in the English language. These courses cover many topics, including language skills such as reading, writing, speaking, and listening. Additionally, ESL courses enhance one’s ability to communicate effectively in English, whether in everyday conversations, academic settings, or professional contexts. |
Master’s in TESOL online programs can be expensive to take up. Prospective applicants should, therefore, always consider various funding sources for their education and go with what suits them best. From a wide range of funding options, here are a few that can pay for a Master’s program:
Many Universities offer merit-based scholarships, alumnae-funded grants, and fellowships to accomplished students. Private organizations also award scholarships based on academic record, community, cultural background, religious affiliation, or other criteria. (Note: Since scholarships tend to be the first and preferred choice for most, it is easy to get entangled in Scholarship Scams.)
Grants are, more often than not, need-based and do not necessarily fund only the tuition fee of an awardee. Grants often fund other student and education-related expenses, such as books, study material, travel, accommodation, etc.
Graduate Teaching Assistantships or Graduate Research Assistantships are viable funding mechanisms for a Master’s program. Graduate Assistants assist senior teachers in several tasks, like routine paperwork, research, class preparation, or even helping weaker students with their studies, for which they are compensated monetarily.
Another notable option to fund a Master’s in TESOL or ESL is for one to work on Campus by being employed by the University. These part-time jobs could earn enough to pay for education, at least in part.
Federal Loans, Bank Loans, and Private Loans may be a comparatively easy option for raising money. However, one should remember that loans attract interest, and irregular repayment will translate to increased costs and debt.
FAFSA [16]
Free Application for Federal Student Aid or FAFSA is an application to determine one’s eligibility for financial aid.
Prospective candidates could consider other funding mechanisms covered in the best Financial Guide.
Online master’s degrees in TESOL are designed to provide skills and knowledge necessary to teach English as a Second or Other Language (ESOL) to those from different backgrounds, who may be young children, adolescents, and adults of all grade levels. Private and public schools, colleges, and other educational institutions hire TESOL professionals as English instructors, as do companies who hire them as consultants for varied roles. Graduates of a Master’s in TESOL online can also go on to be:
Here is a list of possible careers and the median annual salary for each job, as reported by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS):
Occupation | Adult Basic and Secondary Education and ESL Teachers[17] |
Skills Required | Communication, cultural sensitivity, patience, and resourcefulness skills. |
Median Annual Salary | $58,590 |
Job Growth (up to 2032) | -13% (decline) |
Job Description | ESL teachers instruct non-native English speakers in reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. They create lesson plans, assess student progress, and provide support to help them achieve English proficiency. |
Occupation | Interpreter or Translator[18] |
Skills Required | Business, communication, concentration, cultural sensitivity, dexterity, interpersonal, and listening skills. |
Median Annual Salary | $53,640 |
Job Growth (up to 2032) | 4% (as fast as average) |
Job Description | Interpreters and translators convert spoken or written messages from one language to another. They may work in various settings, such as conferences, courtrooms, or healthcare facilities, ensuring effective communication between individuals who speak different languages. |
Occupation | Postsecondary Teacher[19] |
Skills Required | Critical thinking, interpersonal, resourcefulness, speaking, and writing skills. |
Median Annual Salary | $80,840 |
Job Growth (up to 2032) | 8% (faster than average) |
Job Description | Postsecondary teachers, or professors or instructors, teach courses at colleges, universities, or professional schools. They conduct lectures, lead discussions, assess learner’s performance, and may also engage in research and scholarly activities. |
Occupation | High School Teacher[20] |
Skills Required | Communication, patience, and resourcefulness skills. |
Median Annual Salary | $62,360 |
Job Growth (up to 2032) | 1% (little or no change) |
Job Description | High school teachers educate students in grades 9-12 in various subjects, including English, math, science, and history. They plan lessons, assess progress, and provide guidance and support to help learners succeed academically and personally. |
Occupation | Instructional Coordinator [21] |
Skills Required | Analytical, communication, decision-making, interpersonal, and leadership skills. |
Median Annual Salary | $66,490 |
Job Growth (up to 2032) | 2% (as fast as average) |
Job Description | Instructional coordinators, or curriculum specialists, develop and implement educational programs and instructional materials. They collaborate with teachers, administrators, and other stakeholders to improve curriculum standards, assess student performance, and enhance teaching effectiveness. |
Occupation | Middle School Teacher[22] |
Skills Required | Communication, patience, physical stamina, and resourcefulness skills. |
Median Annual Salary | $61,810 |
Job Growth (up to 2032) | 1% (little or no change) |
Job Description | Middle school teachers educate students in grades 6-8 and specialize in English, math, or social studies. They create engaging lesson plans, monitor progress, and provide guidance to help one navigate the middle school years. |
Certifications and licensing for TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) and ESL (English as a Second Language) graduates vary depending on the specific requirements of different countries, states, or employers. Some standard certification options include:
Certificate in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (CertTESOL) [23]
The Certificate in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (CertTESOL) is a globally recognized qualification for individuals seeking to teach English to non-native speakers. This certification program typically includes teaching methodologies, language analysis, lesson planning, and classroom management training. Candidates learn practical teaching skills through observed teaching practice sessions with actual language learners.
Certificate in Teaching English as a Foreign Language (CELTA) [24]
The Certificate in Teaching English as a Foreign Language (CELTA) is an internationally recognized qualification for individuals aspiring to teach English to speakers of other languages. This intensive certification program provides comprehensive training in language teaching methodologies, lesson planning, classroom management, and language analysis. Candidates gain practical teaching experience through supervised teaching practice sessions with real ESL students.
Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) Certification [25]
The Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) certification is a widely recognized qualification for individuals interested in teaching English abroad. TEFL programs provide training in language teaching techniques, lesson planning, classroom management, and cultural sensitivity. While TEFL certifications vary in duration and content, they typically include practical teaching experience and may cover teaching grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and speaking skills.
American TESOL Certification [26]
The American TESOL Certification covers various topics, including language teaching methodologies, lesson planning, classroom management, assessment techniques, and cultural sensitivity. Participants in the program learn through a combination of theoretical instruction, practical teaching experience, and reflective practice. Upon completing the program, candidates receive the American TESOL Certification, recognized internationally, and can enhance their employment opportunities in English language teaching.
In the United States, ESL teachers working in public schools typically need to obtain a state teaching license or certification and any TESOL or ESL credentials.
ESL and TESOL graduates must research the specific certification and licensing requirements in their desired location or field of employment to ensure they meet all necessary qualifications.
English is, in itself, a vast subject. It keeps evolving with time, meaning Master’s in TESOL online graduates need to stay current with the latest in the English language and the many methods and approaches to teaching it. Networking and connecting with peers and sharing ideas, opinions, literary works, and lesson plans will help TESOL students and educators advance their careers and horizons. Some of the many available resources to help with this are:
English has always been a prevalent cross-border international language and a preferred choice for most people who have to learn a foreign language. Teaching careers, particularly for English Language Learners (ELLs), are up-and-coming and pay reasonably well, making a Master’s in TESOL worth it.
Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP)
National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE)
New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE)
Middle States Commission on Higher Education (MSCHE)
Higher Learning Commission (HLC)
Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC)
Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities (NWCCU)
Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) Senior College and University Commission (WSCUC)
Teaching English: How to Plan a Great Lesson-Classcentral
TESOL Strategies: Supporting ESL Students in Mainstream Classrooms-Future Learn
Online ESL-City College of San Francisco
Adult Basic and Secondary Education and ESL Teachers
Certificate in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (CertTESOL)
Certificate in Teaching English as a Foreign Language (CELTA)
Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) Certification
TESOL International Association
International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language