Geology, in its broadest sense, is the study of the Earth – its interior and exterior surfaces, the rocks and other materials that surround us, the processes that have resulted in their formation, the water that flows over the surface and lies beneath it, the changes that have occurred over time, and the changes that we can expect to happen. The study of Geology employs deductive reasoning and scientific procedures, using mathematical, chemical, physical, and biological approaches. A geology major is a good choice for those who enjoy being outside. It is one of the few scientific specialties that allows students to spend most of their time outdoors in the field. The skills gained from this degree will be beneficial and transferrable to various other careers. Project management, communication, quantitative reasoning, and research are just a few skills they will learn. Graduates can also switch careers if they pursue a career in something other than geology and take up laboratory work, journalism, research, or civil engineering. This master’s degree allows them to work in pollution control, geological surveying, environmental geology, geoscience, field seismology, and various other fields.
With several colleges offering master’s programs in geology, finding the best is easier said than done. Although students are advised to research for themselves, OMC has drawn up a list of the best colleges for a Geology master’s based on criteria such as the program format and flexibility, experience and quality of the teaching staff, reputation of the institute, accreditation, research facilities and opportunities, career guidance, etc. Accordingly, here are some of the best online master’s programs in Geology:
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College Name & Address | Tuition | Graduation Rate |
---|---|---|
#1 University of Florida(on-campus) Tigert Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611 | $10,770 | 89% |
#2 Texas A & M University-College Station JKW Administration Building, Suite 200, College Station, Texas 77843 | $6,775 | 83% |
#3 Ohio University 020 Chubb Hall, Athens, Ohio 45701 | $9,444 | 66% |
#4 Missouri University of Science and Technology(on-campus) 300 W.13th Street, Rolla, Missouri 65409 | $10,452 | 67% |
#5 Mississippi State University Lee Boulevard, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762 | $8,800 | 64% |
#6 University of Houston(on-campus) 212 E. Cullen Building, Houston, Texas 77204 | $8,539 | 62% |
#7 Florida Atlantic University(on-campus) 777 Glades Rd, Administration Bldg., Room 339, Boca Raton, Florida 33431 | $5,467 | 56% |
#8 South Dakota School of Mines and Technology(on-campus) 501 E Saint Joseph St, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701 | $8,320 | 50% |
#9 Pennsylvania State University-World Campus 128 Outreach Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 | NA | NA |
Source – Integrated Post Secondary Education Data System & University Data
*Tuition rates are for in-state and per year. Program specific rates may apply.
**NA – data not available
Geology master’s programs introduce students to problem-solving, critical thinking, and fundamental concepts in the earth sciences and demonstrate how to present observations that can extend into deep time. These programs provide a solid foundation in the discipline, with a high level of knowledge, skills, and professionalism to enable graduates to advance their careers by integrating courses with cutting-edge research.
From learning and understanding the processes that formed and now modify the Earth to covering topics such as how landscapes are produced and developed, students of a Geology master’s cover a lot. They also study human interactions with the environment, groundwater movement, and geological sustainability and prepare themselves for advanced research as well as high-profile professions in geology, environmental risk assessment, STEM teaching, public policy, and other fields while also improving their marketability as practicing geoscientists, earth science educators, and other allied professionals.
One can pursue a master’s in Geology online program with or without a thesis. Both forms of the program offer advanced, applied instruction and experiences in a wide range of earth science issues to geology graduates and those from related STEM disciplines. Most universities offer online learning and in-person programs.
The core coursework of a Geology master’s program tends to overlap with the departments of geophysics, geosciences, atmospheric science, and other related fields. Students can highly customize their program by picking from many coursework options. Depending on the school and degree, a thesis may be required to be submitted at the end of the program. Some of the standard geology courses online:
Some additional courses that one can find across curriculums include:
The Geology degree prepares students for various settings, both on and off the field. They also develop transferable skills, which can be of immense use in areas outside of Geology. In general, Geology graduates will be able to:
A Geology Master’s degree offers various specializations, including Geology, Geological Sciences, Earth Sciences, and more. While these programs may differ in focus and approach, most lead to a Master of Science (MS) degree. Here’s a closer look at two common types of Geology master’s degrees:
The Master of Science in Geology (MS) is popular among geology graduates. This degree program typically emphasizes scientific rigor and technical proficiency. They delve into advanced topics in geology, such as mineralogy, petrology, sedimentology, and structural geology. They engage in hands-on research, fieldwork, and laboratory studies to analyze geological phenomena and interpret data. The MS in Geology prepares them for careers in academia, research institutions, environmental consulting firms, and government agencies where a strong foundation in scientific principles and analytical skills is valued.
While less common, the Master of Arts in Geology (MA) offers a unique interdisciplinary approach to studying Earth sciences. Students interested in specializations in Geology, such as Earth & Planetary Science, may pursue this degree. The MA in Geology curriculum often includes coursework from related fields like astronomy, planetary science, environmental studies, and geography. They explore broader themes in Earth sciences, considering the interconnectedness of geological processes with other natural systems. This interdisciplinary perspective prepares graduates for careers that require a holistic understanding of Earth’s dynamics, such as science education, science communication, museum curation, and policy analysis in environmental organizations or government agencies.
With Geology being a vast subject, it makes sense for students to focus on a specific area within the topic. Such a specialization or concentration will provide in-depth knowledge in a critical sub-area of Geology, leading to particular jobs that command high respect and remuneration. One can concentrate their studies on a variety of topics that include but are not limited to:
Specialization | Description | Careers |
---|---|---|
Petroleum Geology | This specialization focuses on exploring, extracting, and producing oil and gas resources: one studies sedimentary basins, reservoir characterization, petroleum systems, and drilling techniques. | Petroleum Geologist, Reservoir Engineer, Petrophysicist, Geophysical Analyst, and more. |
Environmental Geology | This specialization examines the interaction between geological processes and the environment, including pollution, natural hazards, and resource management. Graduates explore topics like hydrogeology, geochemistry, and environmental risk assessment. | Environmental Consultant, Hydrogeologist, Geotechnical Engineer, Environmental Scientist, etc. |
Economic Geology | One investigates mineral resource distribution, origin, and extraction in this specialization. Students learn about ore deposit formation, mineral exploration techniques, and mineral economics. | Economic Geologist, Mineral Exploration Geologist, Mining Engineer, Resource Geologist, and more. |
Engineering Geology | This specialization applies geological principles to civil engineering projects, such as site investigations, slope stability analysis, and foundation design. Graduates study geological hazards, soil mechanics, and geotechnical engineering principles. | Engineering Geologist, Geotechnical Engineer, Geological Consultant, Construction Project Manager, and more. |
Geochemistry | Through this specialization one focuses on the chemical composition and reactions of Earth materials, including rocks, minerals, and fluids. One also investigates processes like weathering, diagenesis, and isotopic dating. | Geochemist, Environmental Geochemist, Research Scientist, Analytical Chemist, etc. |
Hydrogeology | This concentration examines the distribution, movement, and quality of groundwater resources. Students learn about aquifer properties, groundwater flow modeling, and groundwater contamination. | Hydrogeologist, Groundwater Specialist, Water Resource Engineer, Environmental Consultant, etc. |
Structural Geology | This specialization studies the deformation of Earth’s crust and the formation of geological structures such as faults, folds, and fractures. One analyzes the kinematics and mechanics of rock deformation. | Structural Geologist, Geotechnical Engineer, Petroleum Geophysicist, Mining Exploration Geologist, and more. |
Sedimentology | This concentration investigates the processes of sediment transport, deposition, and lithification. One analyzes sedimentary rocks and sedimentary environments to interpret Earth’s history and paleoenvironments. | Sedimentologist, Stratigrapher, Petroleum Geologist, Environmental Consultant, etc. |
Volcanology | This concentration studies volcanoes and volcanic processes, including eruption dynamics, volcanic hazards, and magma properties. Students explore volcanic landforms, eruption monitoring techniques, and volcanic risk assessment. | Volcanologist, Hazard Mitigation Specialist, Geophysical Analyst, Geological Consultant, etc. |
Paleontology | Through this concentration, one studies fossils and ancient life forms to understand Earth’s biological history and evolutionary processes. One learns about fossil identification, paleoecology, and evolutionary biology. | Paleontologist, Museum Curator, Research Scientist, Paleobiologist, and more. |
The master’s degree program in Geology typically encompasses a curriculum totaling 30 credit hours, with six dedicated to thesis work. For students opting for a thesis-based program, this component serves as a culmination of their academic journey, allowing them to conduct original research under the guidance of a faculty advisor. However, the credit hour requirement may extend to approximately 39 credits for those pursuing a non-thesis degree track to fulfill additional coursework and project requirements.
The duration of the master’s program in Geology can vary depending on factors such as full-time or part-time enrollment, program structure, and individual course load. Typically, those completing the degree full-time can expect to graduate within 1 to 2 years. Conversely, part-time graduates may take 3 to 4 years to fulfill degree requirements, often extending their academic journey to accommodate other commitments such as work or family responsibilities.
An accelerated master’s program in Geology offers an intensive and streamlined path for students to earn their graduate degree in a shorter timeframe than traditional programs. Typically, accelerated programs condense coursework, eliminate breaks between semesters, and may offer opportunities for them to earn credit through advanced placement exams or prior learning assessments. These programs are designed for highly motivated applicants who are committed to an accelerated pace of study and have demonstrated strong academic performance. Few universities providing an accelerated geology master’s degree include:
All schools have specific admissions criteria and requirements that applicants need to meet. The master in Geology is no exception, with standard expectations by the school and some additional ones in some instances. Usually, admission requirements for a master’s in Geology degree program are:
Most colleges that offer the Geology master’s degree do not require a GRE (Graduate Record Examinations) score, but some may require one if the applicant’s GPA is lower than needed.
Accreditation means that a program or school meets or exceeds established standards that they need to adhere to. It is a seal of authenticity, credibility, and quality. An online Master’s in Geology, like all other master’s degrees, must be accredited for the degree to be recognized by the industry. While some schools have officially accredited programs, known as programmatic accreditation, most are regionally accredited, which is an equally valid option. The Applied & Natural Science Accreditation Commission (ANSAC) of ABET is one agency that accredits geology and geology science programs in the United States [3]. Regional accreditation agencies include:
It is always prudent for students with a Geology master’s degree to look for a program or school accredited by at least one independent accrediting authority. The Accreditation Guide provides more information on accreditation.
Many universities now offer Geology master’s programs that do not require the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) as part of the application process. These programs aim to make the admissions process more accessible and inclusive, recognizing that standardized test scores may not always accurately reflect a student’s potential for success in graduate studies. Instead, admissions decisions are typically based on factors such as undergraduate academic performance, letters of recommendation, personal statements, and relevant experience. Some colleges offering a no GRE geology master’s include:
Since Geology is a very scientific subject that demands critical thinking skills and excessive research, students should not take free courses that they think can substitute for a master’s degree. Free courses in Geology can only help graduates and working professionals gain additional knowledge and widen their perspectives. Here are a few free courses to explore:
Course | Provided by | Description |
---|---|---|
Our Earth: Its Climate, History, and Processes [12] | Coursera | Through exploration of climate science, geological history, and fundamental processes, graduates gain insight into Earth’s intricate workings. This interdisciplinary course fosters a holistic appreciation for Earth’s complexity, from understanding climate patterns and geological events to exploring the forces shaping our landscapes. By studying our planet’s past, present, and future, one can address environmental challenges and contribute to sustainable solutions. |
On Thin Ice – Climate Change and the Cryosphere [13] | Open Education Consortium | Throughout the course, one delves into topics such as the structure and dynamics of cryospheric systems, the impacts of climate change on these frozen environments, and the feedback mechanisms that can amplify or mitigate these effects. One can also examine mitigation and adaptation strategies, socioeconomic and environmental consequences, and policy frameworks to address cryospheric changes. |
Earth Science for Everyone [14] | Udemy | Throughout the course, participants gain insight into various aspects of Earth science, including the structure and composition of the Earth, the formation of rocks and minerals, the processes shaping the Earth’s surface features, and the geological history of our planet. Additionally, learners explore geological time and history, natural resources, and environmental geology, allowing them to develop a holistic understanding of Earth’s dynamic systems and their interactions with the environment. |
For almost all prospective students, the cost of pursuing a graduate study tends to weigh them down. A master’s program can potentially cost hundreds of thousands of dollars, making it an expensive pursuit for many. Fortunately, they can explore several types of financial aid and seek to offset the high cost of graduate studies. Some such financial assistance can be:
Scholarships help deserving graduates pay for their education by lowering or eliminating costs. Generally, scholarships are merit-based and offered to those with an excellent academic track record.
Unlike scholarships, generally provided based on merit, grants are frequently awarded based on the family’s finances. Universities that award need-based grants also consider applicants’ grades and test scores.
Teaching Assistantships– Graduates working as a professor’s assistant, assisting with instructional restrictions, assisting in a lab or workshop, and teaching and demonstrating for undergraduates are offered a fee waiver or a stipend in exchange for such services.
Research Assistantships– Applicants who conduct and assist research work under the guidance of a professor are eligible for a fee waiver or stipend.
Students may qualify for loans from the federal government, banks, or private lenders, all of which entail interest payments. Unfortunately, delayed or missed payments will almost certainly result in a rise in student debt.
Prospective applicants can complete a FAFSA (Free Application for Federal Student Aid) to determine whether or not they qualify for any financial aid, like scholarships, fellowships, assistantships, and work-study, offered by the university.
To learn more about various ways of funding a master’s in Geology, read the best Financial Guide.
Several scholarships are available to support one pursuing a master’s degree in Geology. Here are some tailored explicitly for Geology graduate candidates:
American Indian Science and Engineering Society (AISES) Scholarships [16]
By offering financial assistance, AISES empowers Native American students to pursue their academic and professional aspirations, contributing to greater diversity and representation within the geosciences. These scholarships provide crucial financial support and testify to AISES’ dedication to supporting and uplifting Indigenous communities in STEM education and beyond.
Application Award: $5,000
Application Deadline: April, annually
American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) Foundation Grants-in-Aid Program [17]
The American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) Foundation Grants-in-Aid Program is a prestigious initiative to foster research excellence among graduate students in petroleum geology and related fields. Through this program, the AAPG Foundation provides grants to support innovative and impactful research projects by graduates pursuing advanced degrees in geosciences. These grants are awarded to those who demonstrate exceptional promise and potential in conducting research that contributes to understanding petroleum geology, exploration, production, and related disciplines.
Application Award: $500 to $3,000
Application Deadline: December, annually
Geological Society of America (GSA) Graduate Student Research Grants[18]
GSA Graduate Student Research Grants provide financial assistance to support research projects that advance geological knowledge and address pressing challenges facing the Earth and its inhabitants. Recipients of these grants gain invaluable support to cover expenses related to fieldwork, laboratory analyses, data collection, and other research activities essential for conducting rigorous scientific investigations.
Application Award: $2,235
Application Deadline: February, annually
American Geological Institute (AGI) Harriet Evelyn Wallace Scholarship [19]
By supporting women in pursuing advanced degrees, the Harriet Evelyn Wallace Scholarship aims to break down barriers, promote inclusivity, and empower women to pursue careers in geosciences. Through the Harriet Evelyn Wallace Scholarship, women geoscience graduate students are provided opportunities to thrive, contribute to cutting-edge research, and inspire future generations of female geoscientists.
Application Award: Not specified
Application Deadline: April, annually
Employers in the geological sciences frequently seek a master’s degree in geological sciences. With a master’s in Geology online degree, the energy and environmental fields and occupations in or related to geology, such as education, government, scientific communication, and consultancy, offer excellent opportunities. Graduates can expect to work as part of a team, collaborating with other scientists and engineers using their knowledge, skills, leadership, and communication abilities.
Those who want to work in the sciences will not find many better possibilities than getting a master’s degree in Geology. Master’s degree holders in geology are in high demand. Jobs in geology will continue to rise as more sectors require people who understand the complexities of environmental protection, energy systems, and responsible land and resource management. Some roles that graduates in geology could take up include:
The salary of a geologist varies based on where they reside, the type of job they do, and their level of expertise. Compared to a bachelor’s degree in Geology, a master’s degree holder will earn substantially more, especially when a specialization is involved. Some professions are explained below:
Occupation | Geoscientists [20] |
Skills Required | Communication, critical thinking, outdoor, physical stamina, and problem-solving skills. |
Median Annual Salary | $87,480 |
Job Growth (up to 2032) | 5% (faster than average) |
Job Description | As geoscientists, individuals are responsible for various tasks to understand the Earth’s composition and resources. It includes planning and executing field studies, gathering samples, and conducting surveys to analyze natural phenomena. They meticulously analyze aerial photographs, rock samples, and other data sources to identify and assess deposits of natural resources, estimating their size and potential value. |
Occupation | Hydrologists [21] |
Skills Required | Analytical, communication, critical thinking, interpersonal, and physical stamina skills. |
Median Annual Salary | $85.990 |
Job Growth (up to 2032) | 1% (little or no change) |
Job Description | Hydrologists play a vital role in understanding and managing water resources, with responsibilities encompassing various tasks. They routinely measure multiple properties of bodies of water, including volume and stream flow, to assess water quantity and quality. These professionals collect water and soil samples to evaluate environmental conditions, testing them for specific properties, such as pH levels and pollution concentrations. |
Occupation | Anthropologists and Archeologists [22] |
Skills Required | Analytical, critical thinking, communication, and physical stamina skills. |
Median Annual Salary | $63,940 |
Job Growth (up to 2032) | 4% (as fast as average) |
Job Description | Anthropologists and archaeologists play pivotal roles in unraveling the mysteries of human culture and history, engaging in a multifaceted array of tasks. They meticulously plan cultural research initiatives, tailoring data collection methods to suit specific regions, specialties, or projects. Employing diverse techniques, including observations, interviews, and document analysis, they comprehensively gather information to understand human societies. |
Occupation | Environmental Scientists and Specialists [23] |
Skills Required | Analytical, communication, interpersonal, problem-solving, and self-discipline skills. |
Median Annual Salary | $76,480 |
Job Growth (up to 2032) | 6% (faster than average) |
Job Description | Environmental scientists and specialists are at the forefront of efforts to understand and mitigate environmental issues, undertaking various crucial tasks. They meticulously plan data collection methods for research projects, investigations, and surveys, ensuring the accuracy and relevance of their findings. Utilizing multiple sampling techniques, they collect and compile environmental data from diverse sources such as air, soil, water, food, and other materials, preparing them for scientific analysis. |
While certifications and licensure may not be mandatory for all geology master’s graduates, obtaining specific credentials can enhance career opportunities and demonstrate proficiency in particular areas of geology. Here are some certifications relevant to geology master’s students:
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Certification [24]
GIS is a valuable skill for geologists, especially those interested in spatial analysis and mapping. Various organizations offer GIS certification programs, typically completing coursework and passing an exam to demonstrate proficiency in GIS software and techniques.
Certified Petroleum Geologist (CPG) [25]
The American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) offers the CPG certification to geologists working in the petroleum industry. Candidates must meet education and experience requirements and pass a comprehensive exam covering petroleum geology principles and practices.
Certified Hydrogeologist (CHG) [26]
Offered by organizations such as the National Ground Water Association (NGWA), the CHG certification is for professionals specializing in hydrogeology and groundwater management. Candidates must meet education and experience requirements and pass an exam covering hydrogeology principles and practices.
Licensure is typically required for geologists working in environmental consulting, engineering geology, and government agencies. To obtain a PG license, candidates usually need a combination of education, professional experience, and passing scores on the Fundamentals of Geology (FG) and Practice of Geology (PG) exams[27].
Geology is related to many other sciences and is a segment of the more extensive subject of Geoscience. For those pursuing geological sciences degrees and working professionals to gain deeper insights into all things geology, share and compare notes with other researchers, and analyze and interpret data with the help of subject experts, it is prudent to network and tap into every possible resource. Here are a few resources that can provide ample information and help for students, fresh graduates, and seasoned geology professionals:
Geology focuses on the Earth and the physical materials that make up the Earth. It studies the formation of rocks, the process by which soil is made, fossils, and how the elements interact with the earth in the form of earthquakes, landslides, and volcanoes. Geoscience is broader in its approach and encompasses the study of the Earth’s oceans, lakes, rivers, and atmosphere. Geoscience, also known as Earth Science, is broader still. It encompasses and combines the disciplines of geology, oceanography, astronomy, and meteorology. It seeks to combine the knowledge and study in these four areas to create a broader understanding of the workings of the earth.
Michigan Technological University
Applied & Natural Science Accreditation Commission
New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC)
Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools (MSA-CESS)
Higher Learning Commission (HLC)
Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACSCOC)
Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities (NWCCU)
Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) Senior College and University Commission
Our Earth: Its Climate, History, and Processes-Coursera
On Thin Ice – Climate Change and the Cryosphere-Open Education Consortium
Earth Science for Everyone-Udemy
American Indian Science and Engineering Society (AISES) Scholarships
American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) Foundation Grants-in-Aid Program
Geological Society of America (GSA) Graduate Student Research Grants
American Geological Institute (AGI) Harriet Evelyn Wallace Scholarship
Anthropologists and Archeologists
Environmental Scientists and Specialists
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Certification
Certified Petroleum Geologist (CPG)
Certified Hydrogeologist (CHG)
Fundamentals of Geology (FG) and Practice of Geology (PG) exams